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PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) severe

PCR Inhibition from Contaminated Template

Symptom
No or weak PCR amplification despite correct reaction setup, with template DNA containing residual contaminants from extraction or purification that inhibit polymerase activity.
Common Causes
  1. 1 Presence of PCR inhibitors (ethanol, phenol, salts, EDTA, SDS, heparin) in template preparation
  2. 2 Template degradation visible as smearing after Mg²⁺ incubation
  3. 3 Low 260/280 ratio (<1.8) indicating protein or phenol contamination
  4. 4 Excessive template sample volume introducing inhibitors into reaction
Solutions
  1. 1 Further purify template by alcohol precipitation to remove salts and small molecules
  2. 2 Perform drop dialysis against TE buffer to remove inhibitors
  3. 3 Use Monarch® Spin PCR & DNA Cleanup Kit (5 µg) (NEB #T1130) for efficient purification
  4. 4 Decrease template sample volume in reaction while maintaining DNA amount
  5. 5 Analyze DNA by gel electrophoresis before and after Mg²⁺ incubation to assess integrity
  6. 6 Start with fresh template preparation using high-quality extraction kits
Related Video (2)
Addgene ★ 78
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Protocol
"Addgene PCR protocol walkthrough shows correct reaction setup and steps, giving context for where inhibition/template issues arise."
Bilibili (China-Accessible Mirrors) ★ 72
Complete DNA Extraction to Gel Electrophoresis Protocol
"Covers DNA extraction through PCR and gel visualization, directly illustrating the extraction-derived contamination that causes this inhibition failure."
Source: neb.com ↗
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